Italian Bread Trouble Shooting

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As I mentioned in my post over at the 'Introductions and Ideas' section, I am brand new to bread making. There is no other bread that I can eat like I can eat Italian bread. I can easily eat an entire loaf from Publix in one sitting.

So I looked up on Google a Publix Italian bread copycat recipe. I found a simple recipe which is listed below:

2.25 teaspoons active dry yeast
1 teaspoon granulated sugar
1 cup warm water (about 110 F)
2.5 cups bread or all-purpose flour
2 tablespoons olive oil
1 teaspoon salt

That is the first recipe that I used, and it resulted in a relatively dense bread, about the same as a regular sandwich bread you would buy from a store. For those of you who are not familiar with the Publix bread, it is a really nice and light. There is a picture of it here: http://www.publix.com/p/RIO-PCI-119004?ch=2.2.1.

On my second round, I made a couple changes after doing some research. Here is the changed recipe:

3.25 teaspoon of active dry yeast
1 teaspoon sugar
10 Ounces warm water (115F)
16.6 Ounces AP flour
2 teaspoons olive oil
1 teaspoon salt

Looking back, I probably made a mistake with not increasing some of the other ingredients, such as the sugar and salt. I had read that an ideal bread recipe should be a 5 to 3 ratio of flour to water. I had also read that increasing the yeast slightly can help to overcome a dough that is not made perfectly, whether it is too wet or dry or not kneaded enough or too much.

The recipe called for the yeast, sugar and water to be bloomed until it was foamy. Very vague, to a beginner like me. How foamy should it be? After that, I just dumped in the other ingredients and mixed it on low until it came together. and then proceeded to knead it.

I used the KitchenAid stand mixer to knead it, which took about 12 minutes. I also made sure to use the window pane method to test to see if the gluten was developed. I have used this method with pizza dough before, so I am familiar with what it should look like. The dough passed that with flying colors.

After the knead, I left in a lightly oiled bowl and covered with a dry towel. I left it for an hour and half and was at least doubled, maybe slightly over. The risen dough was smooth on the top, no visible air bubbles. I punched it down (surprisingly no actual punching was required) and pulled it out onto a sheet of parchment paper and shaped it into a loaf. I had read that it was better to put a cut in the top before the second rise, so I did that too. I let it rise again, covered with a towel, until it had doubled again. I then baked it at 375F for 25 minutes, on the parchment on a sheet pan. When I removed it, the crust looked pretty good, only slightly browned on top. I assume that if I were to use a egg wash, I might have gotten a better crust. The bottom was well browned. I thumped the bottom and it sounded hollow. Then took the temp with a ThermaPen instant read and it was right at 201. I let it cool, covered with the towel again, on a cooling rack for about 3 hours before slicing it open.

The bread was pretty good, slightly bland. If I was not looking for a lighter texture, I would have been pretty happy with it.

So my question: What can I do to get a lighter texture? Is the recipe flawed or does it just need some little tweaks? Does my process need to change? Any general tips?

Thank you in advance! Sorry for the long winded post, I just wanted to make sure to include all the information I could.

 

Looks like you did a fair amount of research, and good on ya for tweaking and changing things. That's part of the fun of baking bread! Here are a couple of comments / things to try next:

  1. For improving the flavour, try using a pre-ferment (that is, part of the flour, water and a small amount of yeast are mixed together and left to get bubbly, then this is mixed with the rest of the ingredients). Check out this recipe here on the site.
  2. If you want even more flavour, use beer as the liquid in the pre-ferment
  3. Switch to using grams; it's much easier to balance (and change) proportions of ingredients when you are tweaking
  4. Learn to use baker's percentage when calculating recipes and changes. Put it all in a spreadsheet if you are handy with those and you can easily scale up or down or change one ingredient. King Arthur Flour has a very good tutorial here.
  5. Try upping the hydration level a bit (that is the ratio of liquid to total flour, by weight). A 5 to 3 ratio is 60% hydration which is quite low. Try 65% instead
  6. Try a higher baking temperature. A lean bread (not much enrichment in the way of fat, sugar or dairy) is often baked at 425F or so
  7. Try bread flour rather than all-purpose.
  8. Score the loaf just before you put it in the oven, rather than at the beginning of the final proof (the second rising)
  9. Search 'steam' on this site and find a good way to preserve some of the moisture in the crust during the first part of the bake. You can cover the loaf for the first 20 minutes or so (i.e. with a foil roasting pan or a deep pan or lid), or have a pan in the bottom of your oven that you preheat then put a cup of hot water into when you load the bread into the oven.

Keep tweaking, and let us know how the next iteration turns out!

I will try those for sure. I was wondering, what purpose does the powdered milk serve in the recipe you linked?

I heard that using an egg wash or water brushed on the before it goes into the oven will preserve the moisture by sealing it before it has a chance to escape. Is this the case or not?

I used the King Arthur bread flour the first go around. I switch to AP for the second one to see if it would be a little lighter. But of course that didn't really work. I'll go back to bread flour for the next one. I assume that would also give me better gluten correct?

My kitchen scale does do grams too so that would be an easy to use that.

Thanks!

No, I don't think brushing the loaf with egg wash or water keeps the crumb (the inside of the loaf) moist. Egg wash makes the crust shiny and helps seeds stick if you want to put seeds on it. Brushing with water is an attempt to keep the crust moist long enough for the bread to 'spring' (the extra rise you get in the first 15 minutes or so in the oven heat) and the slashes to open up before the crust sets. Steaming your oven works better, generally.

I think the powdered milk is just to enrich (and possibly soften) the dough a bit. I don't usually use it, but might add liquid milk to more enriched doughs. It also adds a bit of flavour. Other folks on here will be able to enlighten us more regarding the chemistry of milk powder in bread though. :)

Not that i work very much with milk powder but believe it'll add sweetness, make a softer crumb and a darker crust. This is due to the fat and sugar in the milk. The lactose doesn't get converted in the Fermentation so it caramelises the crust. I think! :)

Up the hydration and include a biga. 

Biga: http://leitesculinaria.com/79243/recipes-biga.html

Ciabatta Recipe with Biga: http://leitesculinaria.com/79221/recipes-ciabatta.html

Make the biga and leave to ferment then go onto the final recipe including the biga. May i suggest you halve everything when trying this for the first time. No need to make so much and don't worry about the shaping as it doesn't have to be perfect. It will be high hydration so flour up well. Perfection will come with practice but whatever happens it'll be a tasty loaf. 

Look up ciabatta recipes on YouTube so you get a good idea of how they're supposed to be handled and shaped.