my first post

hi all, i'm a brand new baker and am going by long stored childhood memories of how to make bread, my nursery was the kitchen.  it's in my blood.  encouraged to move forward because my first results have pleased me, but, i need to be pointed in the right direction, i know what i want to do, don't know how to do it.  for me, it's all about the ingredients, what does each ingredient DO to the final product?  does more or less flour make the bread more dense or soft?  what effect does oil have?  does sugar do more than sweeten?  more or less yeast has what effect?  what about water?  more make the bread more dense?  less dense?  has nothing to do with density?  my goal is to get a finished product that is a very soft, long stretchy, sweet bread like a Challa from heaven.  there is a Greek version, a Polish version, i'm sure many more…looking to you for advice and guidance!  thanks in advance